Understanding the usage of "that" and "this" in English is important for expressing ideas clearly. Here's a guide to help you navigate the usage of these demonstrative pronouns:
1. Demonstrative Pronouns:
"This" is used to refer to something that is close in space or time.
Example: This book is interesting. (Referring to a book nearby)
"That" is used to refer to something that is more distant in space or time.
Example: I want to buy that car. (Referring to a car farther away)
2. Demonstrative Adjectives:
"This" and "that" can also function as demonstrative adjectives when used before a noun.
Example: I like this song. (Referring to a specific song)
Example: I don't like that movie. (Referring to a specific movie)
3. Time References:
"This" is often used for events or situations that are happening or about to happen.
Example: I can't believe this is happening.
"That" is used for events or situations that have already occurred or are in the past.
Example: I remember that day vividly.
4. Expressing Ideas:
"This" is commonly used to introduce an idea or topic.
Example: Let's talk about this new project.
"That" is used to refer back to an idea or topic that has already been mentioned.
Example: We discussed that issue yesterday.
5. Making Distinctions:
"This" is often used to make a distinction when presenting options.
Example: I prefer this option over the other.
"That" is used when referring to a specific option mentioned earlier or in the past.
Example: We can choose that approach we discussed last time.
6. Emphasis:
Using "this" can emphasize something in the present or the immediate context.
Example: I want this exact pen, not another one.
"That" can be used to emphasize something in the past or to create a sense of distance.
Example: I can't believe you said that to me.
Remember, the choice between "this" and "that" depends on the context of the conversation or writing, emphasizing either proximity or distance. It's always helpful to consider the relative location in space or time when deciding which one to use.
